Characteristics of the generative sphere of Danae racemosa (Asparagaceae) under introduction in the Crimea peninsula

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The article presents the analysis of the genesis of the flower reproductive structures of Danae racemosa (L.) Moench (Asparagaceae) – an evergreen shrub introduced to the Southern coast of Crimea. The natural range of the species covers Turkey, Syria, Transcaucasia and Iran. The inflorescences of D. racemosa contain flowers of three types: staminate, bisexual and pistillate. Cytoembryological analysis of the development of reproductive structures of D. racemose has shown that the main features of the male generative sphere of D. racemosa are the centripetal type of microsporangium wall formation; secretory tapetum; a successive type of microsporogenesis, microspore tetrads are isobilateral or tetrahedral. The wall of the mature anther has a layer of flattened epidermal cells and endothecium with fibrous thickenings. Pollen grains in D. racemosa are tricellular. The female generative sphere of D. racemosa is represented by anatropic, bitegmic, medionucellate ovules. Megasporogenesis takes place with the formation of a linear tetrad of megaspores. The embryo sac develops by Polygonum-type. In all D. racemosa flowers, regardless of the type, the rudiments of anthers and ovules are formed in the early stages. Fully functional male and female generative structures (anthers and ovules) develop in bisexual flowers. Morphologically normal pollen grains (about 70%) predominate in the pollen of such flowers. In staminate flowers, the female generative sphere undergoes reduction. Ovules degenerate at megasporocyte stage. In the pistillate flowers, anthers abortion occurs at microsporocyte stage, however, the anthers remain, and in some cases, a small amount of pollen is formed in them.

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作者简介

T. Kuzmina

Nikita Botanical Garden – National Scientific center RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: tnkuzmina@rambler.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yalta

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2. Fig. 1. Flowers of Danae racemosa (longitudinal section): 1 – staminate flower; 2 – bisexual (mesostylous) flower; 3 – pistillate (macrostylous) flower (an – anthers; st – stigma of pistil; ov – ovary). Scale bar – 1 mm.

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3. Fig. 2. Cross sections of microsporangium of Danae racemosa in the early stages of development: 1 – anther primordium at the stage of archesporial cells; 2–6 – differentiation of cell layers of the microsporangium wall; 7 – the formed anther; 8 – degeneration of the anther of the pistillate (macrostylous) flower (ac – archesporial cell; e – еpidermis; en – endothecium; ml – middle layer; ppc – primary parietal cells; sc – sporogenic cells; spc – secondary parietal layer; t – tapetum). Scale bar: 1–7 – 10 μm; 8 – 20 μm.

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4. Fig. 3. Cross sections of the microsporangium of Danae racemosa at the stages of meiotic (1, 2) and postmeiotic development (3–7) and mature pollen grains (8): 1–3 – microsporogenesis; 4 – the stage of young microspores; 5 – the vacuolized microspores; 6 – formation of two-cell pollen grains; 7 – the wall of mature microsporangia and three-cell pollen grains (8) (e – еpiderma; en – endotecium; m – microspores; ml – middle layer; msc – microsporocytes; pg – pollen grains; t – tapetum; tm ― tetrad of microspores). Scale bar – 10 μm.

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5. Fig. 4. Ovules of Danae racemosa in the early stages of development: 1–3 – primordial ovule at the stage of the archesporial cell; 4 – degeneration of the ovule; 5, 6 ovules at the stage of megasporocyte and differentiation of integuments (ac – archesporial cell; ii – internal integument; iii – initial of the internal integument; ioi – initial of the outer integument; ms – megasporocyte, n – nucellus; o i – outer integument). Scale bar – 10 μm.

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6. Fig. 5. Ovules of Danae racemosa during megasporogenesis (1, 2), mature embryo sac (3–5) and longitudinal section of the degenerated ovary of the staminate flower (6) (at – antipodes, ch – chalase, cln – cells of the nucellus lateral zone, ea – ovular apparatus, es – embryo sac, f – funiculus, ii – inner integument, oi – outer integument, mgs – megaspore, n – nucellus, pn – polar nucleus). Scale bar: 1–4 – 10 μm; 5 – 20 μm; 6 – 50 μm.

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