The formation of aerosol haze in the atmosphere

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Atmospheric aerosol containing sulfates affects air quality on a regional scale and the climate on a global scale. For example, in the northern part of the North China Plain, an agglomeration with a population of about half a billion people is systematically exposed to catastrophically rapid pollution by dense haze. In this work, for the first time, evidence is interpreted in favor of the existence of critical atmospheric conditions that enable the extremely rapid formation of sulfates and nitrates in aerosol particles and, in combination with suitable meteorological conditions (temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric stagnation, etc.), lead to the occurrence of aerosol haze. It is shown that sustained and rapid sulfate accumulation in the degenerate-branched regime of a catalytic process involving transition metal ions is possible – at a given air humidity and in an atmosphere polluted with sulfur and nitrogen oxides – only if the ammonia concentration exceeds a certain threshold. At the same time, the rate of nitrate formation also increases, driven by the coupling of sulfate and nitrate formation processes. As a result, the absorption of moisture and ammonia from the air intensifies, ensuring a self-sustaining and rapid increase in the mass concentration of aerosol haze particles in the atmosphere.

作者简介

G. Pronchev

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Email: pronchev@rambler.ru
Moscow, Russia

V. Azriel

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

V. Akimov

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

E. Ermolova

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

D. Kabanov

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

L. Kolesnikova

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

L. Rusin

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

M. Sevryuk

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

A. Yermakov

Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics

Moscow, Russia

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