Vol 1, No 1S (2008)

Yugra state university active works in realization of Russian educational national project. The development of programs for training young specialists in environmental protection of soil-gas region Yugra are in special attention. Creation in Yugra state university internaitonal scientific-educational centre of environmental dymanics and global climate change has big significance for development of educational ecological programs and environment protection. The jpening of UNESCO department will improve international scientific cooperation of Yugra university and foreign scientific centres. The decision about creation of UNESCO department was decided in may 2008. Official text of agreement between UNESCO and YuSU was encapsulate in august 2008. Trends of activity of UNESCO department: 1. Educational activity (training in environmental policy, expansion of UNESCO experience in ecology and nature management, partisipation of students in international projects). 2. Scientific activity (participation in international projects in biology, biogeochemistry, soil science, ecology, and nature management). 3. Organizational activity (relationships between YuSU and international community). 4. Informational activity (reporting about UNESCO department activity in Internet). Trends of scientific research activity: 1. Dymanics of natural and anthropogenic ecosystems and global climate change. 2. Carbon balance and other biogeochemical cycles of natural ecosystems (greenhouse gases, organic matter balance). 3. Biodiversity in natural ecosystems. 4. Bioindication. 5. Stable and safety oil and gas complexes. 6. Social - ecological aspects of development of north territory. 7. Develompent of scientific tourism and ecotourism.

We present “applied theory of knowledge” (some useful rules and tendencies of science development) in the form of dialoge “teacher-pupil”. The theacher suggests several lows from the theory of knowledge: 1. “Hegelian Triad” (thesis→antithesis→synthesis), 2. Dialectical lows, 3. The low of “Three Non-” (the theory evolves from uniform to non-uniform, from static to dynamic, from linear to non-linear) 4. The transition from qualitative description to quantitative description, etc, and different types of logic.

Remediation of oil-polluted peat soils is very important for Western Siberia. The necessary condition for successful of it is taking into consideration of ecological, climatic and hydrological condition of this region. The general parameters of environments here are high flooding, regime of temperature, short vegetation period, and specific properties of peat.

Mathematical model of microbial community of methane cycle was elaborated for conditions of poor fen. The model takes in account the influence of different substrates on activity of microbial populations. Modeled mean CH 4 emission from the surface of mire (2 mgC-CH 4·m -2·h -1) corresponds to the experimental data. Methane consumption by methanotrophs (in model) is approximately 34% of methane production by acetotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens. This fact also corresponds with experimental data.

In the article are described stratigraphy of peat deposits of north-east of the Altaj Republic. On mires are prevailed valley peat types, are found 27 peat types of herbs peat group.

Fungal community of mires in Russia was analysed by different investigators. Researchers from Soil Biology and Mycology departments of Moscow State University were obtained data about biodeversity, structure of micromycetes community against depth of peat, seasons, type of bog, and other factors. We investigated structure of macrofungi community. There is 70 species of basidiomycetes (40 was described in article, table.6) and same quantity of ascomycetes in macrofungi community of bog. Half of 40 species are micorrhizal (with Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula and dwarfshrubs), other are saprophytes of herbal litter, peat, and wood. Dynamics of fruit body formaiton were observed: maximum of quantity and biоdiversity of macrofungi at august (8-10 species per 10 m 2 in ryam, 5 species per 10 m 2 in open bog; 140 specimens per 10 m 2 in ryam, 20 specimens per 10 m 2 in open bog).

In the article are given the experimental data of phytomass and mortmass and their element composition in the bogs ecosystems of the middle taiga.

The “standard model” consist on a) typical empirical distributions of CH 4 emission for main wetland landscapes in each natural zone of Western Siberia; b) durations of “period of CH 4-emission” (Tundra - 103 days, Forest-Tundra - 120 days, Northern Taiga - 138 days, Middle Taiga - 166 days, Southern Taiga - 172 days, Subtaiga - 193 days, and Forested steppe - 201 days); c) areas of different wetland types in each zone. For accounting future improvements we denominate this model by the code, for example: “Aa1” (first letter denominate the used period of CH 4-emission, second letter - the used areas of wetlands, and third - typical values of methane flux). New estimation of the regional methane emission from West Siberian wetlands (4.9 ± 2.3 Тg/year or 3.7 ± 1.7 ТgС/year) was calculated from “standard model” Aa1.

The paper presents experimental data (methane fluxes in North Taiga) which are the components of “standard model” Aa3. The medians of methane fluxes (mgC · m -2 · h -1) are: for palså - 0.008, for ridges (of ridge-hollow complexes) and ryams - 0.000, for oligotrophic hollows - 1.163, for peat mats - 3.698, for poor fens - 2.873 and for lakes - 1.395. All abovementioned values relate only to “period of methane emission” which is 138 days in North Taiga.