Martensite phases in Cu–Zn metastable alloys with the shape memory effect

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Abstract

The martensitic transformations in Cu–38Zn and Cu–39.5Zn (wt %) alloys with shape memory effect have been studied using a combination of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, optical metallography, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The cooling of the specimen to low temperatures in the transmission electron microscope column has revealed the features of martensite morphology and fine structure, as well as electron microdiffraction in the alloys. The structural types of martensite phases β2′(3R) and γ2′(2H) have been identified in Cu–38Zn alloys, as well as β2″(9R) and γ2′(2H) – in Cu–39.5Zn alloys. The proposed crystallographic models of martensitic rearrangement in alloys are based on an analysis of X-ray and electron diffraction, including diffuse electron scattering, as well as based on the packing defects of the internal substructure of martensite.

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About the authors

N. N. Kuranova

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: svirid@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

V. G. Pushin

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: svirid@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

A. E. Svirid

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: svirid@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

D. I. Davydov

Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: svirid@imp.uran.ru
Russian Federation, Ekaterinburg, 620108

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Diagram of phase martensitic transformations in Cu–Zn alloys [2].

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3. Fig. 2. X-ray diffraction patterns of Cu–38Zn (a) and Cu–39.5Zn (b) alloys and the corresponding bar diagrams of hkl reflections of the α(FCC) and β(BCC) phases.

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4. Fig. 3. OM (a, b) and SEM (c, d) of Cu–38Zn (a, c) and Cu–39.5Zn (b, d) alloys in the quenched state.

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5. Fig. 4. Light- (a, g, d) and dark-field (b) TEM images of γ′2(2H) martensite and the corresponding electron microdiffraction patterns with zone axes (ZA) in the indices of the austenitic β-matrix close to [311] (c) and [310] (e) in the Cu–38Zn alloy at RT.

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6. Fig. 5. Bright-field TEM images (a, b, d) of twinned β′2(3R)-martensite and the corresponding microelectron diffraction patterns (c, d, f) with [110]* in the indices of 3R(fcc)-martensite in the Cu–38Zn alloy at RT. Arrows indicate the <111> directions perpendicular to the thin twins in 3R-martensite.

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7. Fig. 6. Light- (a, g, e) and dark-field (e) TEM images and corresponding electron microdiffraction patterns with [111]* rc in the indices of the austenitic β2-matrix (b – [010]* rc of 9R-martensite, c – [010]* rc of 2H-martensite) of martensite in the Cu–39.5Zn alloy at –150°C.

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8. Fig. 7. Schemes of the reorganization of the crystal lattice of the type B2→3R(ABC) (a), B2→9R(ABCBCACAB) (b) and B2→2H(AB) (c) of martensites in Cu–Zn alloys.

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