The improvement of approaches to the assessment of effects of the anthropogenic air pollution on the population in order to management the risk for health

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Abstract

The air pollution has got a great risk to the health of the population. In the risk assessment, objective and subjective uncertainties have appeared. The aim of the study to analyze the uncertainties arising in the assessment of health adverse effects of air pollution and possible ways to decrease them. Methods of the scientific hypothetical deductive cognition, general logical methods, and approaches of researches: analysis, synthesis, abstracting, generalization, induction. In this paper, we analyzed the uncertainties arising in the risk assessment for the health of population caused by air pollution and proposed measures to improve the approaches to assessment and management of the risk. The analysis revealed the main causes of the uncertainties. In the field of the atmospheric air monitoring, they are lack of modern equipment and officially approved methods for measurement, the absence of criteria and recommendation for choosing of controlled air pollutants. For the health assessment, it is advisable to use epidemiological methods and methodology of risk analysis taking into account the uncertainties of each approach. Usage of the geographic information systems let increase the informativity of data and efficiency of analysis. Accurate quantification of the risk for the health of population caused by air pollution is a difficult to challenge. It is necessary to take into account the experience of developed countries in the development of domestic criteria for the selection of substances for the control of atmospheric air quality. It is advisable to combine the analysis of data on the actual concentrations of pollutants obtained at stationary and mobile observation posts, and integrated calculations of air pollution. It is necessary to use basic concepts of evidence-based medicine to identify the real impact of air pollutants on public health and reduce uncertainties.

Conclusion. In the assessment of risk for health caused by air pollution a lot of objective and subjective uncertainties appear. Based on the principles of evidence-based medicine, they should be comprehensively analyzed and minimized using modern methodological approaches, taking into account their capabilities and limitations.

About the authors

Aleksandr O. Karelin

Institute of Design, Ecology and Hygiene; I.P. Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: karelin52@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2467-7887

Scientific consultant of the Limited Liability Company «Institute of Design, Ecology and Hygiene», Saint-Petersburg, 197022, Russian Federation.

e-mail: karelin52@mail.ru

Russian Federation

A. Yu. Lomtev

Institute of Design, Ecology and Hygiene; I.I. Mechnikov North-West State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3183-2582
Russian Federation

M. V. Volkodaeva

Institute of Design, Ecology and Hygiene; St. Petersburg Mining University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

G. B. Yeremin

North-West Public Health Research Center

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1629-5435
Russian Federation

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