Analysis and forecasting of reserve capabilities of the organism of students according to indices of heart rate variabilit

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Abstract

Introduction. Currently, there is a deterioration trend in the health of the younger generation, in particular, an increasing number of persons with functional disorders of the cardiovascular system. Regarding this it is important to develop an comprehensive approach to the study of the circulatory indices in the young age with informative clinical diagnostic techniques and new ways to analyze the data.

Material and methods. Heart rate variability (HRV) indices in 200 students at rest and during exercise were studied. For a more complete assessment of the functional reserves of cardiovascular system after the load the index of the normal heart rhythm restoration (SDNN) was calculated. Moreover, we built logistic models and curves of the operating characteristics.

Results. At rest, no significant differences in indices of both HRV and autonomic regulation of heart rate have been identified between boys and girls aged of 16-18 years. Students of the different gender, aged of 19-22 years showed significant differences in spectral parameters of HRV, there was noted the dominance of the sympathetic component of heart rate regulation in boys and parasympathetic — in girls. In terms of physical activity in undergraduate students there is observed mainly the activation of vagal influences on the heart, in senior students the vegetative balance shifted to the direction of the increased activity of mechanisms of the sympathetic regulation. The revealed decrease of NHRR reflects the low level of the reserve capacity of the cardiovascular system in  41% out of observed students. Part of students with an increased probability of the reduction of functional cardiac disorders accounted for 42% of boys and 39% of girls among students aged 16-18 years and 36% of boys and 44% of girls among students aged of 19-22 years.

Conclusion. There is a change in the nature of autonomous regulation of heart rate in students of different gender and ages from 16-18 to 19-22 years. The optimal cardiac response to stress test is observed at low baseline values of heart rate and the prevalence of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic regulation of the heart rate at rest. To assess the functional reserve of the cardiovascular system in HRV indices we recommend the calculation of NHRR and the analysis of the SDNN coefficient for the effective prediction of heart rate recovery rate after exercise testing.

About the authors

Irina G. Kretova

Samara National Research University

Author for correspondence.
Email: kretova@samsu.ru

MD, PhD, DSci., Professor, Head of the Department of  Life Safety and Physical Education of the Samara National Research University, Samara, 443086, Russian Federation.

e-mail: kretova@samsu.ru, igkretova@gmail.com

Russian Federation

O. A. Vedyasova

Samara National Research University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

M. V. Komarova

Samara National Research University; Samara State Medical University

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

O. I. Shiryaeva

ООО «Samara Research and Design Institute for oil production

Email: noemail@neicon.ru
Russian Federation

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