2–5 G mobile communication electromagnetic field chronic animal exposure assessment

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Abstract

Introduction. The intensive implementation of modern wireless communications networks using multi-frequency modulated electromagnetic fields radiofrequency (EMF RF) has led to a significant change in the electromagnetic background, which requires scientific research to assess the human health risk.
The aim of the study. To study the features of the biological effects chronic exposure to multi-frequency EMF RF from mobile communication systems of GSM (2G), UMTS (3G), LTE (4G) and 5G NR IMT-2020 (5G) standards on some state of indices in animals.
Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats of 180–200 g weight were subjected to round-the-clock 4-month exposure: group 1 – EMF exposure according to 2–5G standards (1.8; 2.1; 2.6; 3.6; 28 ; 37 GHz) with a total power density (PD) of 500 μW/cm2, group 2 – EMF exposure according to 5G NR IMT-2020 standard (3.6; 28; 37 GHz) with a PD 250 μW/cm2 with sham-exposure (parallel control). After every exposure month 12 animals from each group were decapitated and peripheral blood was collected for evaluation of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and leukogram.
Results. Wave-like significant changes in ACTH and corticosterone blood concentrations were revealed in exposure periods, more pronounced in the 2–5G exposure group. In this group, by the end of the 3rd and 4th months, carbonyls, diene conjugates and ketodienes concentrations had significant decrease; in the 5G group, in the 1st–3rd months of exposure, only the concentration of carbonyls changed, and in the 1st and 4th months the concentration of catalase decreased, which indicates an imbalance of pro- and antioxidant systems. The identified significant formed elements of white blood, especially lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils, indicate to the instability of the immune status of exposure animals.
Limitations of the study are related to the number of experimental animals and exposure modes.
Conclusion. The data obtained indicate to the sensitivity of animals for multi-frequency EMF biological effects, more pronounced in the 2–5G exposure group, which differs from the 5G group in a larger set of frequencies used and 2 times higher level exposure. These research results indicate to adaptive-compensatory changes that with continued exposure can lead to failure the of adaptation.

About the authors

Sergey Yu. Perov

Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health

Email: perov@irioh.ru
DSc (Biology), Head of the Electromagnetic field laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation

Larisa V. Pokhodzey

Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health

Email: Lapokhodzey@yandex.ru
DSc (Medicine), leading researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation

Yuriy P. Paltsev

Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health

Email: paltsev@irioh.ru
DSc (Medicine), Professor, chief researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation

Rano Z. Lifanova

Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health

Email: lifanova@irioh.ru
junior researcher of the Electromagnetic field laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow, 105275, Russian Federation

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