卷 101, 编号 8 (2022)
- 年: 2022
- ##issue.datePublished##: 14.09.2022
- 文章: 23
- URL: https://edgccjournal.org/0016-9900/issue/view/9613
ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
Justification of the priority indicators choice for water quality control in aquifers
摘要
Introduction. The study of the aquifers water quality is an urgent task due to the increasing volumes of groundwater consumed, on the one hand, and the supply of drinking water to the population with insufficient water treatment or without it at all, on the other. In the Leningrad Region, one thousand three hundred thirty two water sources are used for drinking and household water supply to the population, while water without water treatment is supplied to the population of a significant number of settlements.
Materials and methods. In this study, a systematic analysis, statistical analysis, and the first stage of health risk assessment — the identification of danger were conducted. Research materials included 2634 water quality laboratory studies protocols (135200 studies) of 728 underground water sources of the Leningrad region for 2018–2021; data of the Federal Information Fund for Social and Hygienic Monitoring (FIF SGM) (34709 studies) for 2009–2019, reports on the results of searches and assessments of groundwater reserves for settlements water supply for 2003–2015; sanitary and epidemiological conclusions on the possibility of using water sources for drinking and household water supply, placed in the register of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing.
Results. The analysis of the laboratory examinations results of the underground water quality, due to natural factors, from various aquifers was exploited in the studied area. Substances which concentrations exceed the maximum permissible level have been identified. The first carried out stage of health risk assessment included hazard identification with ranking of chemicals by hazard indices for all operational aquifers. Recommendations are given on the adjustment of social-hygienic monitoring and industrial control programs of underground water quality, as well as on the improvement of water treatment systems.
Limitations. In this study there was a limitation on the nitrogen triad compounds origin and petroleum products analysis, in addition, the health risk assessment was limited to the hazard identification stage, due to the fact that exposure assessment was not performed.
Conclusion. Based on the ranking, there were identified carcinogenic substances as follows: arsenic, beryllium, lead, cadmium and substances that don`t have a carcinogenic effect: fluoride ion, ammonium ion, calcium, sodium, barium, magnesium, nitrates, nitrites, manganese, iron, which must be included in the groundwater industrial control programs.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study doesn`t require submission of the biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.
Contribution:
Gorbanev S.A. — concept and design of the study;
Stepanyan A.A. — content formation, statistical processing of results;
Isaev D.S. — the first stage of public health risk assessment — hazard identification;
Eremin G.B. — content formation;
Mozzhukhina N.A. — text verification and editing;
Myasnikov I.O. — collection and analysis of the results of laboratory tests.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
842-849
Safety assessment of laser projector radiation for the population
摘要
Introduction. The target organs of laser radiation include the skin and the organ of vision. The danger of laser beams for the visual analyzer determined the main direction of research in this area, which focused on the study of the damaging effect of radiation on the organ of vision.
The aim of the study is a hygienic assessment of laser radiation from projectors used in cultural events.
Materials and methods. Measurements were carried out on 10 multi-color projectors with capacities from 2 to 30 watts belonging to 2 classes: Kvant and Spectrum and wavelengths of 445–460 nm, 520–532 nm, and 637–640 nm with a tuned projection system at a distance of 7 m from the scanning system.
Results. Analysis of the data obtained showed that, with the exception of the blue spectral region for Kvant 2000 and 3000 projectors, there is an excess of the maximum permissible levels at all wavelengths for all projectors. The greatest exceedances were detected 7–11 times at a wavelength of 532 nm, 8 times at a wavelength of 637 nm.
Limitations. The study was conducted on a limited number of projectors, and the remote control was calculated only for the time of the flashing reflex, which limits the possibilities of a broader interpretation of the data obtained.
Conclusion. The probability of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of laser radiation at the available capacities jeopardizes the safety of the event for both visitors and actors and projector operators. This issue requires a deeper study of protective measures at all levels: both organizational and household.
Compliance with ethical standards. Studies on humans and animals have not been conducted, the study does not require the submission of the opinion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution:
Malkova N.Yu. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text, editing;
Petrova M.D. — collection and processing of material, writing a text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
850-854
Methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating the effects of electromagnetic fields generated by smartphones
摘要
Introduction. Among the population, smartphones are the most common mobile radio frequency receiving and transmitting devices with a complex operating system, a microprocessor, a large amount of memory, etc. It is an urgent task to measure and evaluate the smartphone electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposing to a person.
The purpose of the study. Comparative analysis of domestic and foreign methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating electromagnetic fields of the radio frequency range (RF) created by smartphones.
Materials and methods. Analysis of foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, scientific publications on the measurement and evaluation of the effects of EMF of mobile phones. Conducting pilot instrumental measurements during the operation of smartphones in the real mode of using the subscriber terminal.
Results. There are presented results of the study of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of smartphones. The study of methodological approaches to measuring and evaluating the smartphone EMF in foreign and domestic regulatory and methodological documents, publications on the issue under consideration in scientific peer-reviewed journals. There have been performed pilot instrumental measurements of energy flux density (EFD) levels of EMF when different smartphone models are working indoors in dial mode.
Limitations. The measurement of EMF levels by the broadband measuring instrument PZ-42 limited the possibilities of a detailed assessment of EMF.
Conclusion. A detailed study of the EMF parameters created by smartphones in a wide range of frequencies and under various operating modes (data reception/transmission using the Internet, Wi-Fi connections, operation in router mode, etc.) is required. It is necessary to develop and manufacture domestic selective devices — EMF meters of the radio frequency range, including in the near zone radiation.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution:
Nikitina V.N. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Kalinina N.I. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Lyashko G.G. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Dubrovskaya E.N. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Plekhanov V.P. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
855-860
Integral assessment of the drinking water quality in the Omsk region
摘要
Introduction. To analyze the likelihood of occurrence of adverse effects associated with human exposure to chemicals in drinking water, it is recommended to conduct an integral assessment.
The purpose of the study was to assess the drinking water quality in rural areas of the Omsk region in accordance with modern methods.
Materials and methods. The results of social and hygienic monitoring for drinking water quality in the Omsk region over 2018–2021 were used. Statistical processing of the results was carried out, the calculation of the values of carcinogenic, non-carcinogenic risk, the risk of olfactory-reflex effects, integral indicators. The percentile method was used to classify risk levels.
Results. Typical polluting chemicals in the water sources in the Omsk region are resistant to oxidation organic substances, ammonium nitrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese, phenols, oil products. The aggregated individual carcinogenic health risk due to exposure drinking water chemical contamination in 2018–2020 amounted to 1,70 ∙ 10–4, which is rated as alarming. The average multi-year growth rate over the three-year period was +17.1%, and in rural areas the average growth rate of carcinogenic risk is even higher (+27.7%). The greatest contribution to the value of the aggregated carcinogenic risk is made by arsenic and organochlorine compounds. Integral indicators (II) of drinking water ranged from 0.82 to 125.88. The group with a very high II includes settlements supplied from surface water sources (the Irtysh River, the Om River). Carcinogenic risk affects the resulting value of II to a greater extent than other components (risks).
Limitations. The results of monitoring of drinking water production monitoring in the Omsk region were not taken into account during integral assessment in terms of chemical safety. This is due to the difficulties of collecting information, its standardization and analysis.
Conclusion. Integral indicators were calculated, and the levels of the integral indicator of water in settlements in rural areas of the Omsk region were classified. Despite the advantages of the method of the assessment of II of drinking water quality, some caution is needed when using II. The reason is possible loss of information or distortion of the dynamics of concentrations of individual substances, including the most toxic and dangerous.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.
Contribution:
Novikova Yu.A. — statistical processing of material, writing text;
Tikhonova N.A. — collection of literature data;
Myasnikov I.O. — editing;
Ovchinnikova E.L. — concept and design of the study, collection and statistical processing of material;
Kolchin A.S. — writing text;
Cherkashina M.N. — collection and processing of material;
Vinokurova I.G. — statistical processing of material.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
861-865
Assessment of the influence of climatic factors on the well-being of the population by the method of questioning
摘要
Introduction. Climate change is the greatest global public health threat facing the world in the 21st century, but it is also the greatest opportunity to redefine the determinants of health. On the territory of Russia, climatic conditions change about 2.5 times more intensively than on average on the planet, average annual temperatures are rising in all physical and geographical regions and federal districts. In this regard, the study of the influence of climatic factors on the health of the population is of increasing interest for both science and practice.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a sociological assessment of the influence of climatic factors on well-being among the population of St. Petersburg.
Material and methods. A random sample of adults conducted a personal formalized survey of four hundred forty three 17 to 55 years people regarding the influence of climatic factors on their well-being. A specially designed questionnaire was used for the sociological research. Methods of statistical processing, scientific hypothetical-deductive cognition, general logical methods and techniques of research are applied including analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, induction.
Results. 443 people took part in the study, of which: young people (from 17 to 30 years old), who made up 76% (341 people), the average age (from 30 to 55 years) was 34% (102 people), average age of respondents was 26.15 years. Assessment of the significance of the influence of climatic factors on well-being showed that in 74.2% of cases, all respondents note a strong influence and correlate complaints and responses from health with the presence of a climatic factor, there is no statistically significant age difference (p=0.245). 94.0% of women were more sensitive to changes in natural and climatic factors compared to 44.3% of men (p<0.001). The number of respondents using weather forecast data in everyday life was 76.2%, there is no statistically significant age difference (p=0.667), women use the weather forecast more often – 85.0% when compared to men – 63.0% (p<0.001). The respondents, as a rule, received information about the weather from open sources on the Internet via mobile devices, less often through radio and television. At the same time, the alertness (fear) associated with climate change in the future was determined in only 12.4% of respondents (there is no significant difference in gender p=0.075 and age p=0.821).
Limitations. The conducted assessment of the impact of climatic factors on the well-being of the population by means of a questionnaire indicates the relevance of the work carried out and shows the need to expand the study to the population of territories of other climatic zones, including groups older than 55 years.
Conclusion. A sociological study, along with a quantitative assessment, makes it possible to identify the main health complaints related to the impact of climatic factors and predict their impact on the health of the population. When analyzing the data obtained as a result of the survey, it was found that the most significant ranking places for the age group from 17 to 55 years by mentioning climatic factors were occupied by: 1) precipitation, 2) cloud cover, 3) change in the duration of the day, which are associated with the following health responses: 1) deterioration of general well-being, 2) violation of the psycho-emotional state, 3) headaches.
Compliance with ethical standards. Conducting a sociological survey on the basis of the North-West Public Health Research Center using a specially designed questionnaire, approved at a meeting of the local ethics committee, Protocol No. 2021/38.2 of 07.09.2021. All respondents who took part in this study confirmed their voluntary consent to participate in the study by making appropriate marks in the questionnaire.
Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Contribution:
Noskov S.N. — development of the research concept, editing of the final version of the text;
Golovina E.G. — collecting material and processing data, writing the text of the article;
Stupishina E.G. — collecting material and processing data, writing the text of the article;
Mironenko O.V. — editing the final version of the article text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
866-871
Development of methodological approaches to conducting monitoring of traffic noise and its assessment using acoustic modelling methods
摘要
Introduction. At present, considerable attention is paid to the problems of noise pollution in urban and rural settlements. Transport is the main source of noise in the structure of complaints about unfavourable living conditions in dense urban areas.
Material and methods. Materials for selecting the most significant criteria or grouping the objects of surveillance were in situ instrumental measurements of noise levels and the results of acoustic calculations obtained during the processing of an acoustic model. In situ measurements of noise levels were made in St. Petersburg on the territory of residential areas. The acoustic models were built using the software “Acoustics 3D”. Noise source parameters were set according to the data obtained during field measurements.
Results. During the development of methodological approaches, the criteria for grouping the objects of surveillance were defined. In accordance with the selected criteria, were formed 8 surveillance groups. As a result of the measurements, the difference in noise levels between the typical points within the group was no found to exceed 2 dB. To verify the developed criteria here acoustic modelling was performed.
Limitations. On the territory of St. Petersburg over the year, study included one thousand measurements.
Conclusion. The developed criteria make it possible to expand the list of control objects while reducing labour costs for conducting socio-hygienic monitoring, while maintaining the objectivity of the results of the acoustic pollution levels of the territory.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require an opinion from a biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution:
Smirnov V.V. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Sklyar D.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: June 6, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
872-877
Verification of the establishment of the project borders of the seventh subzone of the near-airdrome territories by noise and carcinogenic factors
摘要
Introduction. Airfields and aerodrome territories are objects of hygienic and environmental expertise, since their functioning is accompanied by the impact of adverse factors on the population and the environment. In this regard, both at the design stage and during the operation of the airfield, a quantitative assessment of the risk to public health is necessary.
The aim of the study was to verify the establishment of the design boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory by noise and carcinogenic factors.
Materials and methods. The materials used in the work are design materials for the establishment of the aerodrome territory of the Voronezh civil aviation airfield ʺVoronezh (Chertovitskoye)ʺ and data from instrumental and laboratory control (noise factor, concentrations of carcinogens in atmospheric air) obtained by the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Voronezh Region.
Results. At the border of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory, the highest values of the estimated risk index for the noise factor were found to be characteristic of the risk for the cardiovascular system (up to 0.013), at the same time, they do not exceed the low risk level (less than 0.05). The levels of the total individual carcinogenic risk at the border of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory of the airfield are in the range from 3.01 · 10–8 to 3.56 · 10–7; outside the seventh subzone at the border of the nearest residential development in the range from 3.26 · 10–8 to 2.16 · 10–7, which is classified as the value of the target risk for the conditions of populated places in Russia.
Limitations. The limitations of the study are related to the fact that the work uses design data obtained using currently existing and approved calculation methods for noise levels and concentrations of carcinogenic substances in the surface layer of atmospheric air in the aerodrome area, as well as a limited number of results of instrumental measurements of noise levels and laboratory monitoring of carcinogens in the air. At the same time, the regulatory and methodological framework for assessing the risk to public health caused by the impact of the studied factors, taking into account the receipt of new data on the impact of adverse environmental factors on human health, is constantly being revised and improved.
Conclusion. The noise impact factor is decisive in establishing the boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory. The design boundaries of the seventh subzone of the aerodrome territory of the ʺVoronezh (Chertovitskoye)ʺ civil aviation airfield for the carcinogenic factor and the aviation noise factor are confirmed by full-scale laboratory studies of the concentrations of carcinogens in the surface layer of air and instrumental measurements of aircraft noise levels and comply with current sanitary and hygienic and environmental requirements.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.
Contribution:
Chubirko M.I. — collection of material, development of the research idea, responsibility for the integrity and proportionality of all parts of the article;
Klepikov O.V. — analysis of design data and laboratory research data, generalized analysis of the material;
Kurolap S.A. — development and correction of the research design;
Kulnev V.V. — preparation of initial research materials, conclusions and conclusions, formation the text of the article;
Kizeev A.N. — analysis of literature data, the formation of the text of the article;
Nikanov A.N. — writing and editing the text;
Chashchin V.P. — formation of the article at the final stage.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
878-885
Current issues of protection of reproductive health in population residing in cold climate regions (literature review)
摘要
Relevance. 40% of the total number of employees are constantly or periodically engaged in work in open areas and in unheated industrial premises. Given that more than 70% of the country’s territory is in cold climate areas, the tasks of preserving their health are a priority. The original articles on the assessment of adverse effects of natural and climatic factors in cold climate regions on the reproductive health of the population, presented in databases and information systems: RSCI, CyberLeninka, Scopus, Web of Science and meeting the criteria for compliance with the stated purpose and quality of research, were analyzed. A significant part of reproductive losses has been proven to be related to the exposure to a number of occupational risk factors; however, workers’ engagement in outdoor operations with a higher risk of cold stress in combination with other factors remains one of the least studied problems of preventive medicine. Considering more than 70% of the country’s territory to be represented by cold climate regions, where up to 40% of the total workforce are permanently or periodically engaged in outdoor works and in unheated industrial premises, the protection of their health is a national priority. A total of two hundred three full-text publications were identified by targeted search, of which 132 fully met these inclusion criteria.
Conclusion. As a result of a systematic review of published works available in national and international bibliographic indexing systems, including the results of our own research, engagement in work operations in cold climate regions has been proved to be associated with the risk of functional overstrain of most human life-supporting systems leading to health impairments.
To date, there have been identified a significant number of occupational risk factors including chemical, physical, biological, psycho-emotional and ergonomic ones that might induce adverse effects on the reproductive health of women and men such as acute and chronic damage to reproductive functions, fetal development impairment and increased early perinatal mortality. At the same time, the role of cooling weather and climatic factors in the occurrence of such disorders, primarily among workers who systematically perform work operations outside heated industrial premises in cold climate regions there is least studied.
Contribution:
Borisova D.S. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing the text, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Chashchin V.P. — concept and design of the study, editing, approval of the final version of the article.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
886-895
Problems in ensuring effective parasitological control on the territory of the Russian Federation
摘要
Introduction. Modern parasitology is an area of interdisciplinary research that uses the methods and approaches of various biological disciplines, such as genomics, proteomics, bioinformatics, ecology, biology, medicine, veterinary medicine, climatology, using methods of landscape-geographical mapping, mathematical modeling to assess the parasitological situation and predict its dynamics. New problems associated with the parasitic aspects of global climate change, the introduction of new host species and parasites (pathogens), and anthropogenic transformation of natural ecosystems become topical. In this regard, the primary tasks for optimizing the socio-hygienic monitoring of the parasitic safety of the environment is the introduction of new methodological approaches for ranking territories — the risk according to the species composition and intensity of circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases, the trend in changes in their range of pathogens and epidemiological properties in anthropogenically determined conditions.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate the methodology for choosing a territory for optimizing social and hygienic monitoring and substantiating proposals for the unification of hygienic standards for parasitological indicators of environmental safety.
Materials and methods. Experimental parasitological monitoring was carried out at the pilot site. 712 samples were studied using unified methods of parasitological research of biomaterial (MUK 4.2.3145-13 “Laboratory diagnostics of helminthiases and protozooses”) and environmental objects (MUK 4.2.2661-10 “Methods of sanitary and parasitological research”).
Results. Data were obtained on the high intensity of the circulation of pathogens of parasitic diseases in the environment — 25%. More than 15 types of pathogens of parasitic diseases have been systematized.
Limitations. The limitations of the study were associated with the lack of development of diagnostic tools for the genetic identification of parasitic pathogens within the same systematic group by PCR analysis.
Conclusion. Methodological disagreements in various normative documents to the composition of the “target indicators” of research are determined. The practical part of the work included the collection of material from people and animals, from environmental objects. A new approach to the hygienic standardization of parasitological indicators based on group systematization of the propagative stages of development of parasites with subsequent methodological determination of their taxonomic affiliation is substantiated.
Contribution:
Kuznetsova K.Yu. — research concept and design, writing of the text, editing;
Aslanova M.M. — collection and processing of material;
Kuznetsova M.A. — collection and processing of material;
Rudneva O.V. — writing of the text, editing;
Mania T.R. — collection and processing of material;
Zagainova A.V. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgment. The study was conducted under a state contract on the topic: “Development of diagnostic kits for detecting pathogens of human parasitic diseases in clinical material and environmental objects by polymerase chain reaction” (code “Parasites-PCR”). The identification code of purchase: 201770777824677070100100210047219218 (Moscow, 2020).
Received: February 02, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
896-903
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Evaluation of the combined effects of noise and vibration on the levels of stress hormones and behavioral responses in animals
摘要
Introduction. The occupation of firefighters refers to extreme activities. When performing professional tasks, firefighters are exposed to the combined effects of a complex of adverse factors, among which noise and vibration occupy an important place, while vibration significantly promotes the negative effect of noise. Noise is also one of the most common stress factors that characterize extreme conditions for firefighters. The results of experiments on animals, which are the simplest human biomodel, are of great importance in their study.
Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 86 outbred white male rats of 3 months of age, weighing 230–250 g. The rats were divided into 2 groups: the first group (43 rats) was exposed to a single exposure to noise and vibration, the second group (43 rats) was exposed to daily exposure for 14 days. The procedure for vibroacoustic exposure was performed daily for 4 hours at noise and vibration levels as close as possible to the loads encountered in real conditions when firefighters perform occupational tasks. Changes in the levels of the three main stress hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol) and behavioral characteristics of animals were assessed using the Open Field, Elevated Plus Maze, and Porsolt Test methods.
Limitations. The number of animals in the study groups should be at least 10 individuals, the spread in the initial body weight should not exceed 10%. The study was limited to the study of the main indicators of behavioral responses using 3 methods and 3 main stress hormones.
Results. The data obtained indicate the vibroacoustic effect on animals to cause a change in hormone levels and indicators of behavioral reactions, which is manifested by an increase in the level of anxiety, a decrease in motor and exploratory activity, and the development of depressive-like states. In the group of a single vibroacoustic exposure, these indicators are restored to the background values in a day, while in the group of multiple vibroacoustic exposure, they remain changed.
Conclusion. The data obtained make it possible to study the long-term effects of vibration and noise on the body of firefighters.
Compliance with ethical standards. The Local ethics committee of the North-West Public Health Research Center of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing approved this study carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS Nо. 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.
Contribution:
Kriyt V.E. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Sladkova Yu.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Reinyuk V.L. — editing;
Pyatibrat A.O. — collection and processing of material, statistical processing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 4, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
904-909
The factor of outstanding acceleration in the operation of vehicles
摘要
Introduction. Scientific research has established the connection of physical factors of the working environment with the pathology of the musculoskeletal system of vehicle drivers. Outstanding acceleration is one of the operational characteristics of vehicles. Due to the fact this factor to have an adverse effect on the stability of metal structures, it is impossible to exclude its adverse effect on the health of workers.
The purpose of the study. Identification and the study of outstanding acceleration, and its connection with the formation of pathology of the musculoskeletal system in workers of the transport industry.
Material and methods. Review of domestic and foreign scientific literature, measurement of acceleration indicators during vehicle movement, calculation of risk indicators in accordance with MP 2.2.0085-14 “Assessment and forecast of reliability and occupational risk of drivers of various vehicles”. The research was carried out on the example of railway transport. To measure the outstanding acceleration, a single-axis accelerometer Low Noise 21kHz 100g 1-axis accel (for the X axis), measuring range ± 100 g, and ADXL345BCCZ, a 3-axis (x, y, z) digital accelerometer, ±2 g/±4 g/±8 g/±16g [LGA-14 (3×5)], measuring range ±2g, ±4g, ±8g, ±16g.
Results. Employees operating railway transport constantly experience low levels of frontal, unbalanced acceleration during speed gain, braking, as well as sagittal acceleration when the locomotive is moving. Prolonged exposure to the constantly changing intensity and direction of the impact of unbalanced acceleration can cause the formation of pathology in the lumbosacral spine, registered as a disease associated with production, in drivers of vehicles. Calculations of the risk indicators for the formation of pathology revealed risk higher levels in locomotive crews compared to unexposed workers.
Limitations. Currently, there are no methods of hygienic assessment of the factor of outstanding acceleration identified as a factor of the occupation environment of workers operating vehicles.
Conclusion. The unbalanced acceleration must be identified as a harmful professional factor of the working environment for drivers of vehicles, which, in combination with others, can lead to the formation of production-related pathology. This factor of the working environment needs further study, development of measurement, evaluation, analysis and control methods for it.
Compliance with ethical standards: the study does not require the submission of the conclusion of the biomedical ethics committee or other documents.
Contribution:
Kopytenkova O.I. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Dubrovskaya E.N. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, editing;
Levanchuk L.A. — collection of literature data, collection and processing of material, measurements, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
910-914
Ultrasound examination of the upper extremity vessels in the early diagnosis of peripheral angiodystonic syndrome of occupational etiology
摘要
Introduction. The cardiovascular system reacts to almost all occupational hazards. Various methods for diagnostics, in particular ultrasound, may help to identify preclinical forms of the disease.
The study aims to development of criteria for early diagnosis of occupational diseases of the vessels of the upper extremities in machine-building workers.
Materials and methods. One hundred twenty-six workers of a machine-building plant were examined using standard clinical and laboratory methods, ultrasound examination of the vessels of the upper extremities and X-ray examination of the hands.
Results. Laboring job, hand-arm and whole-body vibration, and noise with an average work experience of 21 years are risk factors for spastic changes in the vessels of the upper extremities in workers of machine-building production. X-ray changes in the hands are determined in 83% of cases and manifest themselves as a violation of local blood circulation, cystic restructuring in the bones of the wrists, and peri-articular osteopenia. Characteristic signs of vascular pathology detected by ultrasound are an increase in the resistance index with the preservation of speed indices (in 100%), impaired venous outflow (in 82%), and pathological tortuosity of blood vessels (in 76%).
Limitations. We did not standardize workers depending on tobacco smoking due to the low number of workers in certain occupations.
Conclusion. The results of ultrasound examination of the main vessels of the upper extremities in power engineering workers showed the presence of spastic vascular changes, which, with further exposure to occupational hazards, develop into angiodystonic syndrome, which is one of the syndromes of effects of vibration or polyneuropathy.
Compliance with ethical standards: the Local ethics committee of North-West Public Health Research Center approved this study (minutes of the meeting No. 23.1 from 28.10.2020).
Contribution:
Ulanovskaya E.V. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, text writing;
Shilov V.V. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Kovshov A.A. — statistical processing, editing;
Kuprina N.I. — data collection;
Nikanov A.N. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
915-920
The impact of occupation factors on the health of employees of thermal power plants
摘要
Aim is to assess working conditions and risks of the general pathological syndromes (RGPS) in employees of the leading occupations of Thermal Power Plants.
Materials and methods. Hygienic studies of working conditions were carried out at the workplaces of employees of the main professions of the Thermal Power Plants (TPP) of the Republic of Buryatia. The state of health was assessed using an Automated System of Quantitative Risk Assessment of the main general pathological syndromes (ASQRAS).
Results. Study results indicate the predominant noise pollution and dustiness of the air at the workplaces of the TPP. According to the results of ASQRAS, the share of employees of the main professions with a high level of RGPS was 20.83%, which is 2.92 times higher compared to the control group. In the main group, higher levels of risk of developing functional disorders of the respiratory organs and borderline mental disorders were revealed. In the main group the total risks are 1.76 times higher than in the control group.
Limitations. Our study had limited options as the acquisition of information on the health status of workers was carried out based on the results of their self-assessment, which may be subject to subjective errors.
Conclusion. Thus, the study results indicate the adverse impact of working conditions on the state of health of TPP employees which is confirmed by the results of ASQRAS.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved by the Local Ethical Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 1 dated January 14, 2021).
Contribution:
Pankov V.A. — concept and design of the study, data analysis and interpretation, text writing, editing, final approval;
Bogdanova O.G. — concept and design of the study, material collection and processing, statistical data processing, data analysis and interpretation, text writing, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts;
Molchanova O.A. — material collection and processing, statistical data processing, data analysis and interpretation, text writing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Acknowledgment. The authors express gratitude for the provision of data to S.S. Khankhareev, head of the Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing Department for the Republic of Buryatia, and K.V. Bulutov to the chief doctor of the Federal Budgetary Health Institution «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Buryatia».
The work was carried out at the expense of funds allocated for the implementation of the state assignment of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Received: May 27, 2022 / Accepted: August 4, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
921-927
Psychological risks in the professional activities of private security officers
摘要
Introduction. The work specifics of Russian private security officers contribute to the employees’ psychological risks development. There are not enough scientific studies devoted to the study of private security officers’ functional states and professional deformations as criteria for their psychological risks.
Materials and methods. The study involved 74 private security officers. The study purpose was to evaluate and describe the functional states and professional deformations, and their relationship as criteria for psychological risks of Russian private security officers. To solve the tasks set, the author’s questionnaire was used to study the professional deformation types of law enforcement officers and instrumental psychophysiological testing methods of the employees’ functional state and operator performance. Statistical methods are multivariate analysis of variance, contingency tables using Pearson’s χ2 tests.
Results. Against the background of sufficient internal resources, employees of private security have a reduced functional state level when working on night shifts, as well as on weekends. The employees are characterized by an optimal operator performance level in day and night shifts, due to the volitional regulation of their state. The prevailing professional deformation types for employees are overcontrol, conservatism and authoritarianism, which are expressed at an average level. A statistically significant relationship was established between the professional deformation of conservatism and the functional state level of private security officers.
Limitations. The present study limitations are the relatively small sample size and the lack of comparison with units in other regions. Prospective studies on larger samples collected in other units and regions could help us explore this topic in more depth.
Conclusion. The results and conclusions obtained make it possible to expand the options for assessing psychological risks of private security officers and develop practical recommendations for their reduction.
Compliance with ethical standards. The research program and methods were reviewed by the ethics committee of the Higher School of Psychology, Pedagogy and Physical Education of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University and recommended for use (protocol No. 1, 2020).
Contribution:
Korneeva Ya.A. — research concept and design, text writing, text writing; literature data collection, statistical processing, editing;
Korneeva A.V. — collection of material and data processing, writing the text, literature data collection;
Shakhova L.I. — collection of material and data processing, literature data collection; writing and editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgment. The study was carried out with the financial support of the project FSRU-2020-006 as part of the state assignment for conducting fundamental scientific research on the topic “Assessment of psychological risks in the professional activities of specialists in extreme profiles”, 2020–2022.
Received: March 3, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
928-934
Novel coronavirus pandemic and burnout of healthcare workers
摘要
Introduction. The novel coronavirus pandemic has a serious impact on the psychological health of healthcare workers.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the syndrome of emotional burnout among medical workers.
Materials and methods. Groups of medical workers in COVID hospitals (n=201), groups of medical workers in multidisciplinary hospitals (n=195), groups of outpatient medical workers (n=186), as well as a control group (n=190) were studied.
Results. According to the Maslach Burnout test, group of medical workers of COVID-hospitals; a group of medical workers of the outpatient level a group of medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals who provide medical care in their main profile have a significant increase in the indicators of “exhaustion” and “depersonalization” and a significant decrease in the indicator “reduction of personal achievements” compared with the control group. Medical workers of COVID-hospitals have significantly higher indicators of “emotional exhaustion” and “depersonalization” compared to medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals (p≤0.001) and medical workers of outpatient clinics (p≤0.001). Medical workers in COVID hospitals have a significantly lower indicator of “reduction in personal achievements” compared to medical workers in general hospitals and outpatient clinics (p≤0.001).
Limitations. As limitations, the following were identified: assessment of the dynamics of the burnout syndrome in future employees of COVID-hospitals, outpatient clinics and inpatients in the course of increasing seniority rises; assessment of the dynamics of the burnout syndrome in future specialists of COVID hospitals, outpatient clinics and hospitals, depending on the ongoing psychological and pharmacological correction.
Conclusions. A comparative assessment revealed medical workers in COVID hospitals to have significantly higher rates of “emotional exhaustion”, “depersonalization” and lower values of the indicator “reduction of personal achievements”, compared with medical workers of multidisciplinary hospitals and outpatient clinics.
Compliance with ethical prescriptions. The study was carried out within the framework of the complex department of occupational diseases and clinical pharmacology of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor Kosarev V.V. “A systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention and prediction of the impact on health of the production of low-intensity production factors” (state registration number АААА-А18-118122190069-6; registration date 12/21/2018). The study was approved by the local ethics committee of Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on November 23, 2021.
Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Contribution:
Melentev A.V. — concept and design of the research, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Babanov S.A. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, text writing;
Ostryakova N.A. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Agarkova A.S. — concept and design of the study, writing text.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: April 29, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
935-939
Working conditions and the state of health in teachers of secondary schools (literature review)
摘要
Modern studies point to extremely low indicators of the teachers’ physical and mental health as an occupational group. Literature data shows that teachers of general educational organizations can be classified as workers who are subject not only to occupational stress, but also to the influence of factors of the labour process that do not meet hygienic standards. According to the severity of the labour process, due to being in a standing position up to 80% of the lesson time, their work belongs to the harmful class 1 degree (class 3.1), in terms of tension, due to intellectual, emotional, and sensory loads — to harmful working conditions 1–2 degree (class 3.1.–3.2). Analyses of teachers’ health showed that out of 40% of employees has had pathology required outpatient examination and treatment during initial examination, and almost 50% of the examined teachers needed dispensary observation. Diseases of the eye and adnexa (43.6%), diseases of the respiratory system (36%), diseases of the digestive system (31.1%) are leading in the structure of morbidity. According to medical documentation, the most often detected morbidities are diseases of the cardiovascular system (35.6%), diseases of the digestive system (15.9%), and diseases of the genitourinary system (11.8%). An increase in the number of diseases with age and length of service was noted. In addition, with an increase in teaching experience, there is a gain in maladjustment processes and psychopathological states of a neurotic or psychopathic nature. Information was collected using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, PubMed, RSCI, Cyberleninka.
Contributions:
Pankov V.A. — concept and design of the study, design and editing the article, responsibility for the integrity of the article;
Katamanova E.V. — writing text, designing and editing the article, responsibility for the integrity of the article;
Slivnitsyna N.V. — the concept and design of the study, the design and editing of the article;
Beigel E.A. — the concept and design of the study, the design and editing of the article;
Pavlov A.D. — study of literature data, design of the article;
Vinokurova A.S. — analysis of literature, writing the text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: June 29, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
940-946
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT
The elaboration of preventive measures when working in an open area during the cold season of the year
摘要
Introduction. The extraction of minerals is associated with a permanent or periodic stay of workers at open production sites. However, there is an underestimation of the impact of working meteorological factors on the health both in the system of regulation and control over working conditions.
The aim of the study is to scientifically substantiate approaches to the development of preventive measures to minimize the risk of health disorders and inform about the risk when working in an open area during the cold season.
Materials and methods. The study included employees of the oil-producing enterprise of Western Siberia Samotlorneftegaz, performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season (operators, machinists, repairmen). The study included three stages: a priori risk assessment, a posteriori risk assessment, and an assessment of the individual characteristics of employees. The a priori risk assessment based on production control data and a special assessment of working conditions for the period from 2014 to 2018. A posteriori risk assessment based on data from periodic medical examinations. Personal characteristics based on the results of a questionnaire, in natural and model tests.
Results. A quantitative assessment of a priori and a posteriori risk made it possible to identify groups of workers with a significant risk of developing occupational and general pathology, as well as to prioritize preventive measures aimed at preventing the harmful effects of working environment factors and the labour process on the health of an employee. The assessment of local and general violations of thermoregulation in workers performing labour operations in open areas during the cold season made it possible to establish individual risk factors: prolonged work in open areas (more than 60% of working time), the presence of chronic pathology, smoking habit and work experience.
Limitations. As part of this study, the assessment of the health status of workers based on data from periodic medical examinations. At the same time, the study does not include the results of medical examinations at the place of residence of workers, which can expand data on the health status of workers and be the subject of further research. Further research on the stated topic may be associated with the need to assess an additional list of individual characteristics when working in an open area during the cold season, taking into account genetic and biochemical markers.
Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to substantiate a set of measures to minimize the risk of health disorders at the level of primary prevention, as well as to propose measures at the level of secondary prevention.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study with the participation of volunteers was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov (Protocol of November 22, 2017, No.12).
Contribution:
Meltser A.V. — concept and research design, choice of analytical methods, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article;
Polyakova E.M. — literature review, data collection and processing, database creation, analysis of the results obtained, statistical analysis, writing the text of the article;
Yakubova I.Sh. — literary review, choice of analytical methods, processing and analysis of the obtained data, statistical analysis, writing the text, editing, approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Erastova N.V. — literary review, editing;
Kropot A.I. — literary review, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
947-953
Health risks from exposure to chemicals in Arctic enterprises
摘要
Introduction. Chemicals of various hazard classes are among the most common harmful production factors.
We aimed to study conditions for the occurrence, prevalence and structure of occupational diseases from exposure to chemicals at enterprises in the Arctic in order to exclude cases of early restriction or complete termination of the labour activity of workers.
The study design was to analyze data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population” in the Russian Federation in 2007–2020.
Materials and methods. We studied the data of social and hygienic monitoring “Working conditions and occupational morbidity of the population of the Russian Federation” in 2007–2020.
Results. In the Russian Arctic in 2007-2020, the share of chemicals in the structure of harmful production factors was 7.6%. They were the cause of 7.8% of occupational diseases, the number of which tended to decrease. Characteristic for this group of diseases is the predominant damage to the respiratory organs (74.6%) in workers in the nickel industry (68.3%). Also, a feature of the diseases was the formation in a shorter time (24.3±0.4 years); greater risk in women (relative risk (RR) = 3.48, confidence interval (CI) 2.91-4.16; p<0.001); greater risk of malignancy (RR=3.55; CI 3.13-4.02; p<0.001). Out of five hundred seventy one case of occupational pathology of nickel production workers, 355 (62.2%) were caused by water-insoluble nickel compounds. Other 188 (32.9%) and 28 (4.9%) cases were due to hydroaerosols of nickel salts and nickel tetracarbonyl, respectively. Out of 164 cases of intoxication, 138 (84.1%) had a chronic course and were mainly caused by nickel compounds (87.7%). The main cause of acute intoxication (n=26) was carbon monoxide (76.9%).
Limitations. Methods for determining concentrations of chemicals in the air of work areas do not provide an accurate exposure assessment in workers who use personal protective equipment.
Conclusion. To reduce the occupational health risks from chemicals, first of all, it is necessary, to decrease concentrations of nickel compounds in the air of the nickel enterprise working areas. In the prevention of certain forms of occupational pathology, priority should be given to respiratory diseases from exposure to water-insoluble nickel compounds, malignant neoplasms and acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Compliance with ethical standards. This work was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The protocol and design of the study was discussed and approved by the local committee of the North-Western Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health of Federal Service for Supervision in Protection of the Rights of Consumer and Man Wellbeing dated 12.05.2021, Protocol No. 35.4. Since depersonalized archival materials were used, there was no need to obtain informed voluntary consent from previously examined individuals. Since depersonalized archival materials were used, there was no need to obtain informed voluntary consent from previously examined individuals.
Contribution:
Syurin S.A. — the concept and design, collection and statistical processing of material, writing text, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Kizeev A.N. — analysis of literature data, analysis and statistical processing of material the concept and design, collection and processing of material, editing text.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgment. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
954-962
Lifestyle factors and risks for work-related diseases
摘要
Introduction. In the statistics of health disorders of the working population, the indicator of occupationally caused diseases dominates. An assessment of the risk of various chronic diseases depending on lifestyle (LS), environmental situation, hereditary factors and quality of medical care is given. There is a need for a more detailed study of the risks associated with lifestyle characteristics during off-hours.
Objective: using the criterion of health risk, to assess the social, economic and behavioral characteristics of the lifestyle of employees.
Materials and methods. One thousand four hundred and sixty eight employees were examined. 5 criteria for assessing the risk of health disorders were used: the risks of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), deterioration of health and long-term diseases throughout the year; the risks of hypertension and respiratory diseases. With the help of a questionnaire on a four-point scale, 10 lifestyle characteristics were evaluated outside of working hours. The degree and frequency of normal fatigue at work and workload were assessed − the physiological norm of hours per week.
Results. For all risk criteria, mental stress (worries, troubles, anxieties, conflicts), is the most significant with contribution to the risks 5–11%. The socio-economic characteristics of the LS increase the risks of CFS, annual deterioration of health and long-term diseases by 7–10%. Lack of sleep increases the risk of CFS by 8%. A decrease in free off-duty time significantly affects the increase in the risk of CFS and hypertension (6.1% and 4.1%). The increase in the intensity of smoking increases all the risks of health disorders (respiratory diseases by 6.7%). The dependence of the LS on the workload and production fatigue has been established.
Limitations. The study is limited to taking into account 10 lifestyle characteristics and 5 criteria for assessing the risk of workers’ health disorders. The disadvantages of this study include the lack of consideration of the lifestyle factor — alcohol consumption. Further studies are supposed to take into account the influence of this behavioral factor.
Conclusions. The risks of various health disorders due to lifestyle characteristics have been established. The greater the workload, starting from 43 standard hours per week, the more unhealthy are most lifestyle characteristics, which in turn increase the degree and frequency of fatigue from working conditions and occupational workload.
Compliance with ethical standards. The study was approved at the meeting of the Medical Expert Commission No. 2021/30.4 dated March 16, 2021.
Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Contribution:
Sorokin G.A. — the concept and design of the study, collection and processing of material, statistical processing, writing a text;
Chistyakov N.D. — collection and processing of material;
Kiryanova M.N. — collection and processing of material, writing a text;
Bulavina I.D. — editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
963-968
Occupational health risks in mining dump truck drivers
摘要
Introduction. In recent years, the mining dump truck drivers have consistently reported high rates of occupational morbidity.
The aim of the study was a retrospective study of occupational pathology development in the mining dump truck drivers at the apatite open pits in the Kola Peninsula.
Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of occupational pathology was carried out in six hundred forty three truck drivers. Its starting point was the results of a medical examination in 2008, and in 2009–2020, newly detected occupational diseases were studied.
Results. During 12 years, 172 occupational diseases including vibration disease (n=63), radiculopathy (n=54), reflex syndromes (n=36), and sensorineural hearing loss (n=19) were diagnosed for the first time in 105 (16.3%) drivers. The development of occupational pathology in 85 (49.4%) cases was due to the increased severity of work (class 3.1–3.2). In 66 (38.4%) cases, the cause was whole-body vibration (class 3.1–3.2), in 19 (11.0%) cases — noise and in 2 (1.2%) cases — hand-arm vibration (class 3.1). The risk of developing vibration disease and occupational musculoskeletal pathology was increased by vertebral osteochondrosis (RR=1.78; CI 1.21–2.60; p=0.004), deforming osteoarthritis (RR=2.35; CI 1.41–3, 91; p=0.001), arthralgia (RR = 3.12; CI 1.66–5.86; p<0.0001), cervicalgia (RR=3.29; CI 1.48–7.32 ; p = 0.002). Occupational noise exposure (Z57.0) increased the risk of occupational sensorineural hearing loss (RR=2.61; CI 1.31–5.19; p=0.005).
Limitations. The impossibility of completely eliminating the diagnosis of an occupational disease in drivers who left the observation group for permanent residence in other regions of the country.
Conclusion. The occupational health risk for dump truck drivers is determined by the length of service, severity of work, impact of whole-body vibration and noise, concomitant musculoskeletal and ear diseases, which must be taken into account in the prevention of occupational diseases.
Compliance with ethical standards. This work was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The protocol and design of the study were discussed and approved by the local committee of the North-Western Scientific Center for Hygiene and Public Health of Rospotrebnadzor dated 12.05.2021, Protocol No. 35.4. Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
969-975
METHODS OF HYGIENIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
Determination of volatile organic compounds: allowable storage times for sorption tubes after sampling
摘要
Introduction. Monitoring and control of priority chemicals presented in the emissions in cities of Lipetsk, Omsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk, participating in «The Clean Air» Federal project, require frequent sampling of air samples, their transportation and storage prior to analysis. Since most samples are not analyzed immediately after sampling, correct quantitative results can only be obtained if there is verified data on the long-term stability of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected on sorption tubes.
The purpose of this work is to obtain up-to-date, experimentally substantiated data on the stability of various VOCs during storage of exposed sorption tubes in laboratory conditions.
Materials and methods. Several groups of VOCs have been selected as the most common air pollutants. VOC stability tests during storage up to 5 months were carried out on model samples using sorption tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent. The VOC content was determined by thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatographic analysis using mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS).
Results. When stored under laboratory conditions at a temperature of (20 ± 5)°C and humidity in the range of 33–65% in hermetically sealed containers or a glass desiccator, there was shown the stability of 28 VOCs, taken on tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent: trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachlorethylene, benzene, o-xylene, the sum of isomers of m-xylene and p-xylene, ethylbenzene, n-octane, toluene, n-butanol, n-heptane, 1,2-dichloroethane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, chlorobenzene, isopropylbenzene, α-pinene, n-propylbenzene, α-methylstyrene, 2-butoxyethanol, styrene up to 5 months; for 5 VOCs: phenol, pentanal (valeric aldehyde), hexanal (caproic aldehyde), n-nonane and n-decane — no more than 4 weeks.
Limitations. The stability of the investigated VOCs was not studied at low (less than 15 °С) and high (more than 25 °С) temperatures, as well as high humidity (more than 65 %).
Conclusion. The results obtained allow planning the frequency and period of air sampling and the time of their storage in the form of exposed tubes before transfer to the laboratory, as well as the time of preparation and storage, taking into account the throughput of the equipment during their analysis in the laboratory.
Compliance with ethical standards: no provision of the conclusion of the Biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents is required.
Contribution:
Kuzmin S.V. — research concept;
Fedorova N.E. — collection and processing of material, writing an article, editing;
Dobreva N.I. — collection and processing of material, writing text;
Gordiyuk A.V. — collection and processing of material.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgments. The study was supported by the State Assignment Reg. No. 121090200132-7, subject “Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficiency of measures to manage risks to public health, reduce morbidity and mortality, create a comfortable and favorable urban environment in the cities participating in the Federal Clean Air Project (Lipetsk, Omsk, Cherepovets, Novokuznetsk).
Received: May 17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
976-984
SOCIO-HYGIENIC MONITORING
Alcohol Abuse Adult Population as a Marker of the Socio-Economic Problems
摘要
Introduction. According to WHO data, over the past five years in the Russian Federation, there has been a clear trend towards an increase in the level of alcohol consumption from 10.99 liters in 2012 to 13.9 liters in 2019 per capita. The leaders in vodka consumption in Russia are the Sakhalin and Magadan regions, the Republics of Komi, Karelia and Chukotka.
Materials and methods. The analysis of the data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation on the level of socio-economic development of regions for the period from 2015 to 2019 was carried out for the country as a whole and in particular the North Western Federal District (NWFD), as well as data on the level of alcohol abuse of the adult working-age population for the specified period in the country as a whole. The above mentioned indicators for the Novgorod and Pskov regions are presented in more detail.
Results. Practically in all regions of the NWFD there is a natural population decline. The most favourable situation is observed in the Leningrad and Kaliningrad regions. The Komi Republic, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Novgorod and Pskov regions are in the lead. The most unfavourable socio-economic conditions for living have developed in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Karelia, Komi, Novgorod and Pskov regions. The leaders in the incidence of alcoholism among the adult population in the NWFD were the Novgorod Region, the Nenets Autonomous Region, the Pskov and Arkhangelsk Regions and the Komi Republic. Almost all regions of the Far North are in the top five in terms of alcohol abuse by the adult working-age population, which indicates a very difficult situation with alcoholism among the population living in the Arctic region.
Limitations. Sufficient information volume of data units of data of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation was analyzed.
Conclusion. The results of the work carried out will make it possible to draw the attention of regional authorities to the problem of socio-economic troubles in the territory entrusted to them and to direct administrative and other resources in a more targeted and purposeful manner to provide assistance to the population.
Contribution:
Glushkova A.V. — analysis of the obtained data, writing the text of the manuscript;
Karelin A.O. — development of study design, curation of data, formal analysis, methodology;
Yeremin G.B. — conceptualization, supervision, verification.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: May17, 2022 / Accepted: August 04, 2022 / Published: September 14, 2022
985-991
OBITUARY
In memory of Professor Katsnelson Boris Aleksandrovich
摘要
20 августа 2022 года на 96-м году жизни скоропостижно скончался заслуженный деятель науки Российской Федерации, действительный член Нью-Йоркской академии наук доктор медицинских наук, профессор Кацнельсон Борис Александрович.
992-992
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ: серия ПИ № ФС 77 - 37884 от 02.10.2009.