Gold nanoparticles electrochemically deposited on carbon nanomaterials and thiacalixarenes in immunosensors for determining tricyclic antidepressants

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Abstract

Composite materials based on electrochemically deposited gold nanoparticles obtained by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry on a carbon substrate of functionalized graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and carbon nanotube paper have been proposed. Composite materials were screened by atomic force microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetry, which allowed us to select the best ones as modifiers of planar electrodes, on the basis of which highly sensitive immunosensors were developed. For the best amperometric immunosensors based on a combination of carbon paper, amino(thia)calix[4]arene, and gold nanoparticles for the determination of amitriptyline and desipramine, the working concentration range was 1 × 10–9–1 × 10–4 M, and the lower limit of detectable concentrations was (4–6) × 10–10 М. Amitriptyline and desipramine were determined by amperometric immunosensors in pharmaceutical preparations with relative standard deviation not exceeding 0.040. Comparison of the results of determination of tricyclic antidepressants by immunosensors and fluorescence polarization immunoassay in human urine with relative standard deviation not exceeding 0.085 indicates the correctness and convergence of the obtained results.

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About the authors

D. V. Brusnitsyn

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Author for correspondence.
Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

A. N. Ramazanova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

E. P. Medyantseva

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

E. R. Ramazanova

Kazan National Research Technological University, Institute of Petroleum, Chemistry and Nanotechnology

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

A. V. Prytkova

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

E. R. Karimova

Interregional clinical diagnostic center

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

M. A. Ziganshin

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

V. A. Burilov

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

E. G. Makarov

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

T. L. Khamidullin

Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry

Email: brussman@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Kazan

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2. Fig. 1. Cyclic voltammograms of obtaining AuNPs on the electrode surface: (a) 20 mV/s, 10 cycles, acetate buffer solution with pH 3.8; (b) 100 mV/s, 10 cycles, acetate buffer solution with pH 3.8; (c) 20 mV/s, 10 cycles, acetate buffer solution with pH 4.3.

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3. Fig. 2. Cyclic voltammograms in an acetate buffer solution with pH 4.3 of an electrode modified with VGO/AuNPs in the following mode: (a) cyclic voltammetry, V, mV/s: 1 – 50; 2 – 100; 3 – 150; (b) chronoamperometry, t = 60 s, 1 – 10 mV/s; 2 – 25 mV/s.

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4. Fig. 3. Cyclic voltammograms in an acetate buffer solution with pH 4.3 of an electrode modified with GO-NH2/NChAu in the following mode: (a) cyclic voltammetry, V, mV/s: 1 – 10; 2 – 25; 3 – 50; 4 – 125; 5 – 150; b) chronoamperometry, t = 60 s, V, mV/s: 1 – 10; 2 – 50; 3 – 100.

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5. Fig. 4. Cyclic voltammograms in acetate buffer solution with pH 3.8 of the electrode modified with: (a) BUNT 1/aminothiacalix[4]arene(aq)/AuNP: 1 – 10 mV/s; 2 – 25 mV/s; (b) BUNT 1/aminothiacalix[4]arene(aq)/AuNP: 1 – 10 mV/s; 2 – 25 mV/s; (c) BUNT 1/aminothiacalix[4]arene(chit.)/AuNP: 25 mV/s.

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6. Fig. 5. AFM images in 3D projections of the electrode surface: (a) clean electrode; (b) RGO-chitosan; (c) GO-NH2-chitosan; (d) NHAu; (d) RGO/NHAu; (e) aminothiacalix[4]arene/NHAu.

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7. Fig. 6. Cyclic voltammograms of electrodes with modifiers: (a) RGO/AuNPs against the background of an acetate buffer solution with pH 3.8 in the presence of Ab with a dilution of 1:50 (1), 1:200 (2), 1:100 (3); (b) RGO/AuNPs against the background of an acetate buffer solution with pH 3.8 in the presence of Ab (3), amitriptyline with = 1 × 10–7 M (2), amitriptyline with = 1 × 10–5 M (1). Dilution of Ab 1:200, V = 100 mV/s.

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