Non-associative learning (habituation) in normotensive and hypertensive rats and the effects of social isolation

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

Social isolation is a mild stressor and prolonged exposure to this stressor leads to the development of mental disorders and an increase in mortality from various causes, especially in the group of older people. In animals, social isolation also has a stressful effect. In the present study we investigated the effect of long-term isolation on non-associative learning in outbred Wistar rats and genetically related normotensive rats of the WKY strain and spontaneously hypertensive rats of the SHR strain. Nine-ten-month-old male rats were used for the study. Some animals were placed in individual cages, and the other part was left in home cages under group maintenance. Non-associative learning (habituation) was studied in the “open field” test. Short-term habituation was assessed using indices of locomotor activity and the number of rearing during the first session. Long-term habituation was assessed after a repeated test performed 96 h later on. It was found that in Wistar rats, isolation disrupted both short-term and long-term habituation. In WKY rats, short-term habituation was observed, and long-term habituation was impaired. In SHR rats, non-associative learning was completely disrupted. Prolonged isolation did not have a significant effect on the behavioral indices studied in WKY and SHR rats. Thus, hypertension in SHR rats was accompanied by an impairment of non-associative learning. Isolation caused disruption of non-associative learning in Wistar control rats, but did not affect this type of learning in rats of genetically related WKY and SHR strains.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

O. Nedogreeva

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: nedogreeva@ihna.ru
Ресей, Moscow

A. Manolova

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nedogreeva@ihna.ru
Ресей, Moscow

D. Mamedova

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nedogreeva@ihna.ru
Ресей, Moscow

N. Gulyaeva

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nedogreeva@ihna.ru
Ресей, Moscow

M. Stepanichev

Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nedogreeva@ihna.ru
Ресей, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Behavioural characteristics of Wistar, WKY, and SHR rats in the “open field” test. (а) and (б), total distance travelled during ОП1 ОП2 tests; (в) and (г), number of rearing acts during ОП1 ОП2 test trials respectively. Data are presented as M ± s.e.m. Number of animals per group: Wistar_соц (n = 23), Wistar_изо (n = 25), WKY_соц (n = 11), WKY_изо (n = 12), SHR_соц (n = 16), и SHR_изо (n = 11). Statistically significant differences: *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001 и ****, p < 0.0001, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons.

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3. Fig. 2. Changes in travelled distance length during the 1st open field test trial by Wistar (а), WKY (б), and SHR (в) rats. Data are presented as M ± s.e.m. Number of animals per group: Wistar_соц (n = 23), Wistar_изо (n = 25), WKY_соц (n = 11), WKY_изо (n = 12), SHR_соц (n = 16), и SHR_изо (n = 11). Habituation as a decrease of locomotor activity was observed in Wistar_соц, Wistar_изо, WKY_соц, and WKY_изо groups. Brackets indicate statistically significant differences in travelled distance length during the 1st minute of trial. p < 0.01; ****, p < 0.0001, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Isolation effect was observed in Wistar rats, as the travelled distance length by Wistar_изо group during minutes 3–5 of trial was significantly longer than that for WKY_соц rats. Statistically significant differences between Wistar_соц and Wistar_изо groups: ++, p < 0.01 и ++++, p < 0.0001, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons.

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4. Fig. 3. Changes in number of rearing acts during the 1st open field test trial by Wistar (а), WKY (б), and SHR (в) rats. Data are presented as M ± s.e.m. Number of animals per group: Wistar_соц (n = 23), Wistar_изо (n = 25), WKY_соц (n = 11), WKY_изо (n = 12), SHR_соц (n = 16), и SHR_изо (n = 11). Habituation as a decline of exploratory behaviour (number of rearing acts) was observed in Wistar_соц group, but not in Wistar_изо, WKY, and SHR groups. Brackets indicate statistically significant differences in rearing acts number during the 1st minute of trial. ****, p < 0.0001, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons. Statistically significant differences between Wistar_соц and WKY_соц groups: *, p < 0.05, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons.

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5. Fig. 4. Behavioural characteristics of Wistar, WKY, and SHR rats during the 1st minute of the “open field” test trial. (а), distance length; (в) and (г), number of rearing acts. Data are presented as M ± s.e.m. Number of animals per group: Wistar_соц (n = 23), Wistar_изо (n = 25), WKY_соц (n = 11), WKY_изо (n = 12), SHR_соц (n = 16), и SHR_изо (n = 11). Statistically significant differences: *, p < 0.05, **, p < 0.01, ***, p < 0.001 и ****, p < 0.0001, according to Tukey test for multiple comparisons.

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