Cobalt microinjections into the infralimbic cortex of the anesthetized rat suppresses circulatory and respiratory reactions to the microelectrostimulation of the lateral orbital cortex

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Abstract

The central autonomous network that controls visceral systems, including circulatory and respiratory systems, includes the visceromotor infralimbic cortex (IL), which is one of the areas of the prefrontal cortex and is located on the medial surface of the large hemispheres. At the same time, there is evidence that areas of the prefrontal cortex located on the orbitofrontal surface, including the lateral orbital cortex (LO), can participate in the control of autonomous functions. The purpose of this work was to experimentally test the hypothesis according to which the participation of LO in the control of respiratory and circulatory functions is realized through IL. To this end, in acute experiments on laboratory rats anesthetized with urethane, the effect of microinjections of cobalt chloride solution (CoCl2) in IL on the reactions of circulatory and respiratory systems caused by microelectrostimulation of LO was investigated. It is known that Co2+ ions are non-specific blockers of synaptic transmission, therefore microinjections of CoCl2 solutions lead to disruption of conduction in the structures of the central nervous system. In the first, control series of experiments, micro-electrical stimulation of LO caused specific responses of the circulatory and respiratory systems, which were consistently reproduced throughout the experiment. In the second, experimental series, the introduction of CoCl2 solution into IL suppressed responses to micro-electrical stimulation of LO, and this effect turned out to be reversible. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis put forward about the possible participation of IL in the implementation of autonomous LO functions. The elucidation of the mechanisms that ensure the interaction of LO and IL in the context of autonomous control should be the subject of further experimental research.

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Е. А. Gubarevich

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science

Author for correspondence.
Email: aleksandrovv@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Т. N. Kokurina

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science

Email: aleksandrovv@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

G. I. Rybakova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science

Email: aleksandrovv@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Т. S. Tumanova

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science; Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia

Email: aleksandrovv@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg; Saint Petersburg

V. G. Aleksandrov

Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Science

Email: aleksandrovv@infran.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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2. Fig. 1. Experimental design. Along the axis is the time from the start of recording.

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3. Fig. 2. Native recordings and results of processing depressor responses to microelectric stimulation of LO in an experiment with microinjection of a CoCl2 solution into IL. (a) – 60th minute of the experiment (10 min before microinjection), (b) – 75th minute of the experiment (5 min after microinjection). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 – respectively: native AP recording, irritation mark, MAP, HR, time stamp (1 s).

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4. Fig. 3. Change in the amplitude of depressor responses to microelectric stimulation of LO. The y-axis is the MAP value at the 3rd second of stimulation, expressed as a percentage of the MAP value at the last second before the start of stimulation; The x-axis is the time from the beginning of the experiment. 1 – experiments with the introduction of CoCl2 solution, 2 – control experiments. * – significant differences from the values obtained before the introduction of the CoCl2 solution; # – significant differences from the values obtained in control experiments (p < 0.05, n = 6). The arrow indicates the moment of introduction of solutions.

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5. Fig. 4. Rearrangements of the breathing pattern during microelectric stimulation of LO in experiments with the introduction of a CoCl2 solution into IL. Native PTH recording and the results of its processing. (a) – Effect of microstimulation at the 60th minute of the experiment (10 minutes before the introduction of the CoCl2 solution); (b) – effect of microstimulation at the 75th minute of the same experiment (5 min after administration of the CoCl2 solution). 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 – respectively: PTH, irritation mark, VT, TTOT, Vimax, Vemax, time mark (1 s).

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6. Fig. 5. Changes in volume-time parameters of respiration in response to microelectric stimulation of LO in experiments with microinjections of solutions into IL. (a) – change in tidal volume (VT); (b) – change in the duration of the respiratory cycle (TTOT). Along the ordinate axes – the parameter value at the 3rd second of stimulation, expressed as a percentage of its value at the last second before stimulation; The abscissa shows the time from the start of recording. 1 – experiments with microinjections of CoCl2 solution, 2 – control experiments with microinjections of saline solution. Arrows indicate the moment of microinjection of solutions into IL. * – significant differences from the values obtained before the introduction of the CoCl2 solution; # – significant differences from the values obtained in control experiments (p < 0.05, n = 6).

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7. Fig. 6. Possible ways to realize the effects of microelectric stimulation of the lateral orbital cortex. aLO – lateral orbital cortex, anterior; DVC – dorsal vagus nerve complex; IL – infralimbic cortex; INS – insular cortex; HYP – hypothalamus; MO – medial orbital cortex; pLO – lateral orbital cortex, posterior; VLM – ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata; VO – ventral orbital cortex.

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