Microstructure of hair of the mummy of a juvenile saber-toothed cat – homotherium †Homotherium latidens (felidae, carnivora)

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For the first time, the microstructure of hairs from different parts of the body of a three-week-old kitten of the Pleistocene Homotherium †Homotherium latidens was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its frozen mummy, aged 31,808–37,019 years, was found in Yakutia and first described by Russian paleontologists [1]. According to our data, Homotherium had poorly differentiated short uniform tangled dark-brown fur, the heat-protective properties of which were not high due to the weak development of the hair medulla, but their mechanical strength was excellent. The microstructure of Homotherium hair differs depending on the location of the hairs on the animal’s body. Comparison of the obtained data with information on the fur of kittens of cave and African lions shows similarities and differences in the microstructure of hairs in these species, which is explained functionally.

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O. Chernova

Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

A. Klimovsky

Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Yakutsk

A. Protopopov

Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosova

Email: olga.chernova.moscow@gmail.com
俄罗斯联邦, Yakutsk; Yakutsk

参考

  1. Lopatin A.V., Sotnikova M.V., Klimovsky A.I., et al. Mummy of a juvenile sabre toothed cat Homotherium latidens from the Upper Pleistocene of Siberia // Scientific Reports. 2024. V. 14: 28016 1.
  2. Chernova O.F. Comparative analysis of hair microstructure in the Cave lion (Panthera spelaea): A review // Earth History and Biodiversity. 2024. V. 2. № 100014.
  3. Соколов В.Е. Кожный покров млекопитающих. М.: Наука, 1973. 487 с.
  4. Соколов В.Е., Скурат Л.Н., Степанова Л.В., Шабадаш С.А. Руководство по изучению кожного покрова млекопитающих. М.: Наука, 1988. 279 с.
  5. Abràmoff M.D., Magalhães P.J., Ram S.J. Image processing with ImageJ // Biophotonics International. 2004. V. 11. № 7. P. 36–42.
  6. Чернова О.Ф., Целикова Т.Н. Атлас волос млекопитающих (Тонкая структура остевых волос и игл в сканирующем электронном микроскопе). М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2004. 428 с.

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2. Fig. 1. The location where the mummy of a Homotherium latidens cub was found in Yakutia (67°41.141' N, 146°46.133' E)

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3. Fig. 2. Hair covering of the young Homotherium latidens. I – external view of the front part of the Homotherium mummy (top view). II – lateral side of the head (side view). Ш – external view of the hair from different parts of the body: (a) – chin, (b) – auricle, (c) – withers, (d) – thigh, (d) – forepaw, (e) – profile of the shaft of guard hairs of three size orders; (g) – microstructure of the guard hairs: 1 – guard hair I, 2 – guard hair II, 3 – guard hair Ш. The arrow indicates the medullary strand. I, II – photos by A.I. Klimovsky. III – microphoto. Scale: I, II – 10 mm, a–d – 10 mm, e – not to scale, g – 100 µm.

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4. Fig. 3. Microstructure of the medulla of guard hairs from different body parts of Homotherium latidens (a–i, m), Panthera spelaea (k, n), and P. leo leo (l, o). (a)–(g), (i)–(l) – cross-sections of hairs. (e–h), (m–o) – longitudinal sections of hairs. SEM data. Scale: a–g – 20 μm; d–g, m, o – 5 μm; k, n – 100 μm.

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5. Fig. 4. Ornamentation of the cuticle of guard hairs from the base to the middle or tip of the shaft (b, h) from different parts of the body of Homotherium latidens: withers (a, b), the part of the shaft with a specific cuticle is indicated by an arrow, chin (c, d), vibrissa of the muzzle (d, f) and sole of the foot (g, h). SEM data. Scale: a, c, d, f, g – 25 µm; b, d, h – 20 µm.

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Presented by Academician of the RAS V.V. Rozhnov


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