On the Nature of Deformations of the Western Slope of Shiveluch Volcano after the Eruption of April 11, 2023, Identified by SAR Interferometry

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Abstract

Based on Sentinel-1A satellite images acquired between 01.05 and 22.09.2023, the differential interferometry method (DInSAR) calculated successive displacement fields in time, which clearly show a dome-shaped uplift on the western slope of the Shiveluch volcano, 8–8.5 km west of its active crater. Uplift was especially intense at the satellite acquisition intervals 01.05–13.05.2023, 13.05–25.05.2023 and 25.05–06.06.2023. To test the hypothesis about formation of a displacement area due to magma injection under the western slope of the volcano, numerical modelling was carried out and parameters of magmatic body like a sill were determined, which forms the displacements on the surface that best match the displacement observed from satellite radar interferometry data. It is assumed that after the eruption on 11.04.2023 magma rose from a depth of 20–25 km through a fissure formed under the western slope of the volcano and penetrated horizontally under the slope at a depth of 1–2 km in the north-northwest direction. Within the precision of data on slope displacements, the size of the magma body varies from 6.0 х 3.0 km at 1 km depth, to 5.25 x 1.4 km at 2 km depth, while its height ranges from 0.5 to 1.75 m and its volume from 0.009 to 0.0129 km3. Thus, based on radar interferometry data in combination with the data on the distribution of seismic activity accompanying the magma movement, the model of the magmatic body that penetrated under the western slope of Shiveluch volcano in the postparoxysmal phase of the eruption on 11.04.2023 was constructed. The Formation of a new extrusive dome on the western slope of Shiveluch volcano at the end of April 2024 confirms the hypothesis about injection of magmatic material under the western slope of the volcano and allows to estimate the rate of magma rise to the surface.

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About the authors

M. S. Volkova

Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: msvolkova6177@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

V. O. Mikhaylov

Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: msvolkova6177@gmail.com

Corresponding Member of the RAS

Russian Federation, Moscow

N. V. Gorbach

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: msvolkova6177@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

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2. Fig. 1. Research area. Shiveluch volcano is marked with a red rectangle on the map of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The inset shows a view of the volcano on Google Maps

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3. Fig. 2. Total ULOS displacements (m) for the period from 1.05 to 17.08.2023. The black contour shows the area of the most active displacements determined by PCA interferometry. The triangles show the position of the active crater of Shiveluch volcano and extrusions of the Karan group

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4. Fig. 3. A - distribution of hypocenters by depth and by time from April 1 to August 31, 2023, B - projections of all hypocenters on the horizontal surface, C - projections of hypocenters on the profile L (west - east). The profile length is ~ 15 km, D - distribution of epicentres for April-May 2023, depth < 15 km. Numbers indicate the centre of displacements (1), Karan extrusions (2), volcano crater (3). The straight line is the L profile. The black arrow in Fig. D shows the direction of migration of seismic events in the upper horizon

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5. Fig. 4. Top - displacements calculated by models M1, M2, M3. Bottom - discrepancy between calculated and observed displacement fields. The rectangular contour is the projection of the intrusion on the horizontal plane

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6. Fig. 5. A - displacement field from satellite data with intrusion projections in models M1, M2, M3 (red, blue, green colour respectively). B - relief profile along the line A-A1 in Fig. 5A; C, D - comparison of the initial displacement field (grey line) with the calculated displacements according to the models M1, M2, M3 (red, blue and green lines, respectively) along the profiles A-A1 (C) and B-B1 (D) indicated in Fig. 5А

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