卷 97, 编号 9 (2018)

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori (Hр) is a helix-shaped bacterium adapted evolutionary to living in the mucoid of stomach. Considered usually as one of the factors in the development of gastritis, peptic ulcer and gastric cancer, but the opposite opinions were also discussed. The aim of this study was to assess levels of serum antibodies to Hp and recombinant CagA in the cohort of working-age Moscow adults. 

Methods. Commercial ELISA kits “IFA-Helicobacter IgG”© (ZAO EKOlab, Russia) and “HelicoBest-antibodies”© (ZAO Vector-Best, Russia) were applied for the estimation of serum antibodies to Hp and CagA, correspondingly, in the observed cohort (both gender adults, N=319). 

Results. 85 % of the human cohort (N=271) had positive rates of IgG-antibodies against complex Hp antigen, with lognormal distribution of IgG titers (median 1:688; Q1 — Q3 1:370 - 1:1223) and cut-off value equal to 1:100. 54 % of the human cohort (N=172) were seropositive to recombinant CagA, with the levels of total serum antibodies (IgM, IgA and IgG) from 23 to 129 elisa units (median 87,9; Q1 — Q3 56,7 — 102,5) and cut-off value equal to 18,5 EU. The distribution of CagA antibody levels was sharply different from lognormal distribution of IgG titers to complex Hp antigen and had signs of bimodality with the main maximum shifted to the right. In the complete cohort under observation (N=319), the levels of serum antibodies to Hp and CagA were associated with a weak (R=0,217), but highly significant (p=0,00009) positive linkage; human persons, seropositive to both antigens, had no any association between the markers. 

Discussion. Possible reasons of differences in the shape of distributions of the studied markers are discussed. Taking into account the extraordinary genetic variability of natural Hp isolates, lognormal distribution of antibodies to complex Hp antigen can reflect combinatorial differences in the degree of proximity of Hp antigenic determinants between human persons under observation and the antigenic preparation. Bimodal distribution of antibody levels to individual protein CagA, possibly, reflect genetically determined differences in immunoreactivity inside the observed cohort.

There are presented results of a study of the mercury content in the blood of 151 residents residing in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district (YaNAO). Mercury is a toxic chemical of concern on a global scale. YaNAO is characterized by the presence of numerous sources of emissions of mercury — the enterprises of oil and gas production, develop the mineral deposits of the Polar Urals, housing and communal complex, gold mining, mercury ore occurrence. The study shows high levels of mercury in the blood of 41.7% of the surveyed residents of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous district, of which 35.6% are in the Taz district, 51.9% — in village Harsani, 60% — in the village Kutop’yugan. There were revealed high levels of mercury in the blood of the indigenous population of Yamal. The excessive accumulation of mercury was seen in 27.8% of indigenous males, in 18.2% of indigenous women (Tazovskiy district), in newly arriving men and women elevated levels of mercury in blood was not detected (Tazovskiy district). The absolute average values of mercury in blood from indigenous men (0.0112 ± 0.0049 mg/ml) was almost five times higher than in migrant men (0.0023 ± 0.0009 mg/ml); in indigenous women (0.0096 ± 0.0063 mg/ml) the difference was almost three times in comparison with the migrant women (0.0038 ± 0.0023 mg/ml). There is identified the possible damage to health from exposure to elevated concentrations of mercury for every third of the surveyed resident of Harshim settlement, village Kutop’yugan and 14.6% of the surveyed residents of the village Tazovskiy (the concentration of mercury in blood above 0.015 mg/ml). Elevated concentrations of mercury in the blood of residents of Nakhodka and Kutop tundra dictate the urgent necessity of the strengthening of control over the mercury contents in natural environments. It is necessary to conduct a surface gas-mercury survey on the territory of the Yamal and Gydan Peninsulas to identify a hidden source of mercury pollution. Research must be continued.

The results of investigations are examined in terms of the development of custom ecological safety controls of the action of chemical and technogenic factors. The work is executed in the Department of Ecological Safety and Natural Management of Kremenchuk Mykhaylo Ostrohradskyi National University (Ukraine). The actuality of the theme is determined by insufficient knowledge of the simultaneous impact of factors of the formation of the ecological danger of different genesis, imperfection and the high cost of existing technical safety management tools. Research is conducted in the Kremenchug socio-economic area — region with the intensive technogenic loading. Where the simultaneous presence of constituents of the danger of different genesis and unfavorable keeping of its sources takes place in relation to the objects of the different setting. On results of monitoring of the states of the ecological danger, its regionally significant components and sources are identified: a waste disposal site, technological ponds of a washing and steaming station, technogenic earthquakes. On the basis of monitoring observations and instrumental measurements, manifestations of an ecological danger are recorded: exceeding the permissible concentrations of harmful substances in aquifers, as a result of which the water in the wells does not meet the standards and is not suitable for consumption; exceeding the permissible levels of vibrations of structural elements in living quarters, cracks and plastering of plaster were also found, temporary deterioration of people’s health was recorded. The system of technical decisions is developed on a management ecological safety. The technology of rendering of the ground deposits by destructors harmless is applied, due to what the sources of ecological danger are liquidated at the washing-steaming station. Experience of the improvement of position descriptions of sources of technogenic earthquakes is grounded, namely artificial change of parameters of environment with the purpose of limitation of area of distribution of waves to the dangerous objects (low-power explosions for the crushing of hard rocks, the construction of near-surface hollow protective structures filled with porous materials, the planting of certain tree species with developed root system). For cleaning of water objects from heavy metals, petroleum products, and fats, the sorbents of increased absorptive capacity, manufactured using an improved method (the use of grinding and mechanical activation processes) from wastes from the agro-industrial complex are used.

Introduction. Materials on the distribution of heavy metals in the organs of Larix sukaczewii Dyl. are presented in the conditions of the pollution of the industrial center of Sterlitamak.

Material and methods. Using the atomic absorption method, the content of copper, lead, and cadmium in the soil cover, needles, branches, and roots was determined in healthy and weakened larch trees.

Results. Under conditions of the industrial pollution, the relative life condition of larch stands is estimated as «weakened» (LN = 74.25%), in the control zone as «healthy» (LN = 84.75%). Weakened trees with increasing metal concentrations in soils and roots show an increase in the concentration of metals in the aerial organs, and in healthy trees, it is more deposited in the roots.

Discussion. The high content of heavy metals in the soil leads to a redistribution of the root-saturation of the soil with absorbing roots, which is manifested in a decrease in the biomass of the roots in the upper, most contaminated soil layers, and also negatively affects the vital state of the trees by decreasing the density of the tree crown and increasing the share of dead and dying branches on the trunks.

Conclusion. Under conditions of contamination, larch is able to actively absorb and deposit a significant amount of Cu, Cd, and Pb, thereby limiting their distribution in the environment.

The biosubstrates of 170 adults of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug were studied: 88 donors and 82 drivers and workers of the gas station. The average age amounted to 31.5 ± 7.4 years. Using commercial kits in the blood, the pro-oxidant (lipid hydroperoxide, Gpl, TBA-active products,TBA-AP) and antioxidant (total antioxidant activity, OAA, thiol-TC) system were determined. In hair, the concentration of toxic chemical elements (Pb, Cd), and also Se, Zn, Ca, possessing antioxidant activity was determined by the methods of AEM-ICP and MS-ICP. A significant excess of LPO values in the blood and toxic chemical elements in the hair was observed against the background of a decrease in the activity of antioxidant protection system indices in the group of drivers and workers at the gas station (p <0.001-0.026). The statistically significant direct relationships between Se, Zn, Ca on the one hand and OAA, TC, on the other (p = 0.0005-0.043) and reverse with Gpl and TBA-AP (p = 0.007-0.038) on the background of direct correlation Pb, Cd with Gpl, TBA-AP (p = 0.007-0.018) and reverse with OAA, TS, Se, Zn, Ca (p = 0.0005-0.020). This indicates the possibility of correction of the reserves of the antioxidant system with the help of vitamin-mineral complexes containing these micronutrients and enriched food products.

Production of vinyl chloride (VC) is one of the largest world production of volume organic chemical intermediates, consumption of which, according to estimates from 2015 to 2020 will grow. Currently, the VC production involving more than 2 million people, the risk of formation of occupational and industrial-caused diseases might be significant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of the immune reactivity of the organism of workers of different professional and experienced groups in the modern VC production to justify informative immunological criteria of the occupational health risk. There were performed the laboratory and immunological study of 77 men working in the VC production. The paper considers the regularities of formation of compensatory-adaptive immune responses in working in the VC production depending on the intensity and duration of exposure to adverse production factors. There is a more pronounced imbalance in the immune system workers of the main occupations (operatives, technicians) with long (10 or more years) experience. It characterized by a decrease in IL-2, IL-4, IgM and increased the production of IL-8, INF-α, TNF-α. The engineering staff experiencing less stress by toxicants, showed the compensatorily increased production of IL-1β and decrease of IgA and also unidirectional, but less pronounced changes in the content of IL-8, INF-γ. There is the relationship between the development of disorders in the immune system of workers in various occupational groups and the level of occupational risk for these specialties. Substantiated informative immunological parameters for the early detection of functional disorders of immune regulation underlying the formation of various diseases are necessary for the timely implementation of effective prevention programmes. Thus, the state of the immune reactivity of the body reflects the level of the adaptation potential of employees of various professions and experienced groups and may be an integrated assessment of the risk of violations of occupational health. The implementation of methods of immunodiagnostics will as predict and identify the disease at the early stages of its development that can optimize the resistance of the organism involved in the VC production as reducing the incidence.

Based on three investigations (1976, 2000, 2016), conducted using the uniform procedures, we compared physical development characteristics of school-age children (aged of 7-17) in the city of Volgograd between 1976 and 2016. Between 1976 and 2000 we found the physical rate of growth in younger school children to stabilize. We also observed the gain in the body length in older age groups as well as higher weight and height growth rates. Between 2000 and 2016 we recorded a decrease in the body length and weight gain in most children and adolescents which was more male-specific. In general, between 1976 and 2016 there was a decrease in body length in both girls and boys of the primary school age, an increase in the body length in boys aged 12-17 and in girls of 13 years as well as a weight gain in children of the school age. The dynamics of physical development characteristics should be considered when developing preventive and health-promoting measures.

Modern tendencies in the prevalence of tobacco smoking habit among the Ural State University of Physical Culture («UralSUPC») and Chelyabinsk State University («ChelSU») students are presented in the article. The analysis of the results of a questionnaire on tobacco smoking habit, carried out in these two higher educational establishments, allowed establishing the fact, that the number of smoking students of «UralSUPC» was 31% lower than that of «ChelSU». The analysis of the passive smoke in those students was also conducted. The received results proved «UralSUPC» students to be less vulnerable to the passive smoke than those in «Chelsea». The analysis of the results of the morbidity showed the leading role of respiratory diseases in the structure of the temporary disability. Taking into account unfavorable ecological conditions, often occurring in Chelyabinsk, it can become one of the key factors for the development of chronic respiratory diseases in smoking students. The investigation results are the reason for carrying out correction work with «risk group» of smoking students.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the daily excretion of cortisol (free and bound), 17-keto steroids and the state of hemodynamics in young hockey players of 11-15 years taking into account the stages of puberty, as well as their comparative characteristics with performance in control class boys engaged in physical culture in the volume of the comprehensive school. It is shown that at the I-IV stages of puberty observed consistently high urinary free cortisol, was significantly higher than in the control class boys, and from IV to V stage — simultaneous and significant decrease in all studied parameters of the functional state of the adrenal cortex was noted. The I and II stage of the puberty in athletes are characterized by maximum values of the heart rate, cardiac output, and diastolic blood pressure values, and their subsequent reduction to stage III, in this case from IV to V stage of puberty there is a significant increase in peripheral vascular resistance. In contrast, in children who are not involved in sports, pubertal changes in the state of hemodynamics have opposite directions. Thus the adaptive responses of the physiological systems in young athletes prevail over evolutionary processes associated with the puberty.

Regulation of the use of ionizing radiation for treating food products and agricultural raw materials in Russia in 2017 suggests a wide dissemination of radiation technologies in the food industry, but manufacturers of food products processed by ionizing radiation do not indicate on the label the relevant information. Because of this, the identification of the domestic consumer market of food products processed by ionizing radiation will reduce the number of violations of requirements of state standard State standards (GOST) 33800-2016 “Production of food irradiated. General labeling requirements”. To determine whether irradiation of food raw materials and foodstuff, used the method of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), with each of the food products treated by ionizing radiation has its own characteristic EPR spectrum. In this regard, the aim of the research is to identify the dependence of the parameters of the EPR spectrum from meat, fish and poultry treated with ionizing radiation. Samples of bone tissue (SBT) meat, fish and poultry were subjected to radiation treatment with a linear electron accelerator model UELR-10-10С2 with energies up to 10 MeV. Studies of samples were carried out on the portable automated EPR spectrometer brand Labrador Expert X-band. Found that despite treatment samples of bone tissue with the same dose of ionizing radiation (12 kGy), the EPR signal depends on the type of vertebrates, the structure of the tissue sample, and other factors. Bone samples of beef and pork have a higher sensitivity to irradiation. Recorded a steady correlation between increasing the area of the EPR signal parameters: amplitude is of 0.99, the width of the peak signal, respectively 0,979 (the degree of strength of statistical relationships Chedoke very high). Processing of the obtained results of the EPR spectrum provides a high degree of confidence (p≤0.05) to identify how previously non-irradiated and radiation-processed various meats, fish and poultry.